PHP in 2018
PHP Conf Asia
Singapore
Sept.27, 2018
http://talks.php.net/singapore18Rasmus Lerdorf
@rasmus
1980s
1990s
1993
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ishex(x) (((x) >= '0' && (x) <= '9') || ((x) >= 'a' && \
(x) <= 'f') || ((x) >= 'A' && (x) <= 'F'))
int htoi(char *s) {
int value;
char c;
c = s[0];
if(isupper(c)) c = tolower(c);
value=(c >= '0' && c <= '9' ? c - '0' : c - 'a' + 10) * 16;
c = s[1];
if(isupper(c)) c = tolower(c);
value += c >= '0' && c <= '9' ? c - '0' : c - 'a' + 10;
return(value);
}
void main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char *params, *data, *dest, *s, *tmp;
char *name, *age;
puts("Content-type: text/html\r\n");
puts("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Form Example</TITLE></HEAD>");
puts("<BODY><H1>My Example Form</H1>");
puts("<FORM action=\"form.cgi\" method=\"GET\">");
puts("Name: <INPUT type=\"text\" name=\"name\">");
puts("Age: <INPUT type=\"text\" name=\"age\">");
puts("<BR><INPUT type=\"submit\">");
puts("</FORM>");
data = getenv("QUERY_STRING");
if(data && *data) {
params = data; dest = data;
while(*data) {
if(*data=='+') *dest=' ';
else if(*data == '%' && ishex(*(data+1))&&ishex(*(data+2))) {
*dest = (char) htoi(data + 1);
data+=2;
} else *dest = *data;
data++;
dest++;
}
*dest = '\0';
s = strtok(params,"&");
do {
tmp = strchr(s,'=');
if(tmp) {
*tmp = '\0';
if(!strcmp(s,"name")) name = tmp+1;
else if(!strcmp(s,"age")) age = tmp+1;
}
} while(s=strtok(NULL,"&"));
printf("Hi %s, you are %s years old\n",name,age);
}
puts("</BODY></HTML>");
}1993
use CGI qw(:standard);
print header;
print start_html('Form Example'),
h1('My Example Form'),
start_form,
"Name: ", textfield('name'),
p,
"Age: ", textfield('age'),
p,
submit,
end_form;
if(param()) {
print "Hi ",em(param('name')),
"You are ",em(param('age')),
" years old";
}
print end_html;1994-1995
<html><head><title>Form Example</title></head>
<body><h1>My Example Form</h1>
<form action="form.phtml" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
Age: <input type="text" name="age">
<br><input type="submit">
</form>
<?if($name):?>
Hi <?echo $name?>, you are <?echo $age?> years old
<?endif?>
</body></html>PHP 7.3
Flexible Heredoc
class foo {
public $bar = <<<EOT
bar
EOT;
}Continue in Switch
while ($foo) {
switch ($bar) {
case "baz":
continue;
}
}Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break".
Did you mean to use "continue 2"?List References
$array = [1, 2];
list($a, &$b) = $array;
// or
[$a, &$b] = $array;Trailing comma allowed in function calls
$newArray = array_merge(
$arrayOne,
$arrayTwo,
['foo', 'bar'],
);
# Parse error
function bar($a, $b,) { }
# Parse error
foo(,);
# Parse error
foo('function', 'bar',,);
# Also parse error
foo(, 'function', 'bar');New Monotonic Timer function
php > print_r(hrtime());
Array
(
[0] => 2320165 // seconds
[1] => 979969517 // nanoseconds
)
php > print_r(hrtime(true));
2320183081647424New fpm_get_status() function
print_r(fpm_get_status());
Array (
[pool] => www
[process-manager] => static
[start-time] => 1536934549
[start-since] => 26
[accepted-conn] => 20039
[listen-queue] => 0
[max-listen-queue] => 0
[listen-queue-len] => 0
[idle-processes] => 0
[active-processes] => 47
[total-processes] => 47
[max-active-processes] => 514
[max-children-reached] => 0
[slow-requests] => 0
[procs] => Array (
[0] => Array (
[pid] => 10819
[state] => Running
[start-time] => 1536934549
[start-since] => 26
[requests] => 2001
[request-duration] => 8108
[request-method] => GET
[request-uri] => /index.php
[query-string] => p=1
[request-length] => 0
[user] => -
[script] => /var/www/wordpress/index.php
[last-request-cpu] => 0
[last-request-memory] => 0
)
...is_countable()
if (is_array($foo) || $foo instanceof Countable) {
// $foo is countable
}
if (is_countable($foo)) {
// $foo is countable
}array_key_first()/array_key_last()
$a = ['abc'=>'First', 'def'=>'Second', 'ghi'=>'Third'];
echo array_key_first($a);
// abc
echo array_key_last($a);
// ghiDCE and SCCP optimizations
Other changes
- Upgraded from PCRE to PCRE2
- getallheaders() now available in php-fpm
- full case-mapping for mbstring
- preg_quote() now also escapes '#'
- new gmp functions: gmp_binomial, gmp_lcm, gmp_perfect_power, gmp_kronecker
- new JsonException
- default ftp transfer mode is now binary
Things that may break your code
- PCRE2 differences (should be rare)
- ODBCRouter and Birdstep support have been removed
- Various deprecations - see UPGRADING
Full details are at:
And for extension authors:
Saving the Planet?
- Around 2 billion sites on the web
- On 10 million physical machines
- PHP drives at least 50%
- Currently ~50% PHP 7 Adoption
- which is about 2.5M physical servers
- 3000 KWH/year per server costs approx. US$400
- Data center cooling doubles that
- 0.5kg CO2 per KWH
At 50% Adoption
- US $2B savings
- 7.5B KWH Savings
- 3.75B kg less CO2
Let's double that to 100%!
- $4B savings
- 15B KWH Savings
- 7.5B kg less CO2
Do your part
Upgrade to PHP 7!
Dead Code Elimination (DCE)
Escape Analysis
Sparse Conditional Constant Propagation
php -d opcache.optimization_level=-1 -d opcache.opt_debug_level=0x20000 scriptfunction fn() {
$a = 1;
return 0;
}PHP 7.1
fn: (lines=2, args=0, vars=1, tmps=0)
L0: ASSIGN CV0($a) int(1)
L1: RETURN int(0)PHP 7.2/7.3
fn: (lines=1, args=0, vars=0, tmps=0)
L0: RETURN int(0)function foo(string $s1, string $s2, string $s3, string $s4) {
$x = ($s1 . $s2) . ($s3 . $s4);
$x = 0;
return $x;
}PHP 7.1 PHP 7.2/7.3
foo: (lines=10, args=4, vars=5, tmps=3) foo: (lines=5, args=4, vars=4, tmps=0)
L0: CV0($s1) = RECV 1 L0: CV0($s1) = RECV 1
L1: CV1($s2) = RECV 2 L1: CV1($s2) = RECV 2
L2: CV2($s3) = RECV 3 L2: CV2($s3) = RECV 3
L3: CV3($s4) = RECV 4 L3: CV3($s4) = RECV 4
L4: T6 = CONCAT CV0($s1) CV1($s2) L4: RETURN int(0)
L5: T7 = CONCAT CV2($s3) CV3($s4)
L6: T5 = CONCAT T6 T7
L7: ASSIGN CV4($x) T5
L8: ASSIGN CV4($x) int(0)
L9: RETURN CV4($x)Try to trick it
function foo($a) {
$b = $a += 3;
return $a;
}PHP 7.2/7.3
foo: (lines=3, args=1, vars=1, tmps=1)
L0: CV0($a) = RECV 1
L1: ASSIGN_ADD CV0($a) int(3)
L2: RETURN CV0($a)But...
function foo(int $x, int $y) {
$a = [$x];
$a[1] = $y;
$a = $y;
return $a;
}PHP 7.2 PHP 7.3
foo: (lines=7, args=2, vars=3, tmps=1) foo: (lines=4, args=2, vars=3, tmps=0)
L0: CV0($x) = RECV 1 L0: CV0($x) = RECV 1
L1: CV1($y) = RECV 2 L1: CV1($y) = RECV 2
L2: CV2($a) = INIT_ARRAY 1 CV0($x) NEXT L2: CV2($a) = QM_ASSIGN CV1($y)
L3: ASSIGN_DIM CV2($a) int(1) L3: RETURN CV2($a)
L4: OP_DATA CV1($y)
L5: ASSIGN CV2($a) CV1($y)
L6: RETURN CV2($a)class A { }
function foo(int $x) {
$a = new A;
$a->foo = $x;
return $x;
}PHP 7.3
foo: (lines=2, args=1, vars=1, tmps=0)
L0: CV0($x) = RECV 1
L1: RETURN CV0($x)class A {
function __destruct() {}
}
function foo(int $x) {
$a = new A;
$a->foo = $x;
return $x;
}PHP 7.3
foo: (lines=7, args=1, vars=2, tmps=1)
L0: CV0($x) = RECV 1
L1: V2 = NEW 0 string("A")
L2: DO_FCALL
L3: CV1($a) = QM_ASSIGN V2
L4: ASSIGN_OBJ CV1($a) string("foo")
L5: OP_DATA CV0($x)
L6: RETURN CV0($x)function foo(int $x) {
if ($x) {
$a = [0,1];
} else {
$a = [0,2];
}
return $a[0];
}PHP 7.3
foo: (lines=2, args=1, vars=1, tmps=0)
L0: CV0($x) = RECV 1
L1: RETURN int(0)function foo() {
$o = new stdClass();
$o->foo = 0;
$i = 1;
$c = $i < 2;
if ($c) {
$k = 2 * $i;
$o->foo = $i;
echo $o->foo;
}
$o->foo += 2;
$o->foo++;
return $o->foo;
}PHP 7.3
foo: (lines=2, args=0, vars=0, tmps=0)
L0: ECHO int(1)
L1: RETURN int(4)Static Analysis
Install with composer
$ composer require --dev phan/phanCreate .phan/config.php
return [
'target_php_version' => '7.2',
'directory_list' => [ 'src/' ],
"exclude_analysis_directory_list" => [ 'vendor/' ],
];$ ./vendor/bin/phanChecks
- enhanced phpdoc type annotations
- Everything is defined and accessible
- Type safety
- PHP version compatibility
- No-ops
- Unreachable code
- Unused use statements
- Redefinitions
- Signature compatibility and final on inheritance
- and many more
Enhanced PHPDoc type annotations
class C {
/**
* @param string|int $union
* @param int[] $generic
* @param array{mode:string,max:int} $shaped
*/
static function fn($union, array $generic, $shaped) { }
}
C::fn("test", [1,2,3], ['mode'=>"test", 'max'=>10]);
C::fn(1, [1,2,3], ['mode'=>"test", 'max'=>10]);
C::fn("test", [1,2,3], ['max'=>10,'mode'=>"test"]);
C::fn([1], [1,2,3], ['mode'=>"test", 'max'=>10]);
// PhanTypeMismatchArgument Argument 1 (union) is array{0:1}
// but \C::fn() takes int|string
C::fn("test", [1,2,3], ['max'=>10]);
// PhanTypeMismatchArgument Argument 3 (shaped) is array{max:10}
// but \C::fn() takes array{mode:string,max:int}User plugins
Included sample plugins
- Demo Plugin
- Preg Regex Checker
- Printf Checker
- Unreachable Code
- DollarDollar
- NonBool Branch
- Numerical Comparison
- Has PHPDoc
- Duplicate Expression
Daemon mode
$ phan --daemonize-tcp-port default &
[1] 28610
Listening for Phan analysis requests at tcp://127.0.0.1:4846
Awaiting analysis requests for directory '/home/rasmus/phan_demo'
$ vi src/script.php$ phan_client -l src/script.php
Phan error: TypeError: PhanTypeMismatchArgument: Argument 1 (union) is array{0:1} but \C::fn() takes int|string defined at src/script.php:8 in src/script.php on line 14
Phan error: TypeError: PhanTypeMismatchArgument: Argument 3 (shaped) is array{max:10} but \C::fn() takes array{mode:string,max:int} defined at src/script.php:8 in src/script.php on line 16vim integration
phpspy
Low-overhead sampling profiler
Sample frequency in nanoseconds
$ phpspy -s 200000000 -- php -r 'sleep(1);'
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
# - - - - -
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
# - - - - -
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
# - - - - -
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
# - - - - -
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
# - - - - -
process_vm_readv: No such processAttach to a running process
$ sudo phpspy -r -p $(pgrep -n php-fpm)
0 wp_installing /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/load.php:944
1 wp_load_alloptions /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/option.php:189
2 get_option /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/option.php:90
3 create_initial_taxonomies /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/taxonomy.php:43
4 WP_Hook::apply_filters /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php:286
5 WP_Hook::do_action /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php:310
6 do_action /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/plugin.php:453
7 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-settings.php:450
8 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php:89
9 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-load.php:37
10 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-blog-header.php:13
11 <main> /var/www/wordpress/index.php:17
# 1537119612.459615 /index.php p=1 /var/www/wordpress/index.php -
0 mysqli_query <internal>:-1
1 wpdb::_do_query /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php:1924
2 wpdb::query /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php:1813
3 wpdb::get_results /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php:2488
4 _prime_comment_caches /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/comment.php:2871
5 WP_Comment_Query::get_comments /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-comment-query.php:427
6 WP_Comment_Query::query /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-comment-query.php:346
7 get_comments /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/comment.php:226
8 WP_Widget_Recent_Comments::widget /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/widgets/class-wp-widget-recent-comments.php:99
9 WP_Widget::display_callback /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-widget.php:372
10 dynamic_sidebar /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/widgets.php:743
11 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen/sidebar.php:41
12 load_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:688
13 locate_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:647
14 get_sidebar /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/general-template.php:110
15 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen/header.php:49
16 load_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:688
17 locate_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:647
18 get_header /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/general-template.php:41
19 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen/single.php:10
20 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template-loader.php:74
21 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-blog-header.php:19
22 <main> /var/www/wordpress/index.php:17
# 1537119612.459615 /index.php p=1 /var/www/wordpress/index.php -Generate a flame graph
$ phpspy phan > /tmp/output
$ cat /tmp/output | stackcollapse-phpspy.pl | flamegraph.pl > flame.svgThank You
Report Bugs
Useful bug reports, please!
PHP in 2018
PHP Conf Asia
Singapore
Sept.27, 2018
http://talks.php.net/singapore18
Rasmus Lerdorf
@rasmus