25 Years of PHP
Barcelona
Nov.12, 2019
http://talks.php.net/phpbcn19Rasmus Lerdorf
@rasmus
1980s
1990s
1993
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ishex(x) (((x) >= '0' && (x) <= '9') || ((x) >= 'a' && \
(x) <= 'f') || ((x) >= 'A' && (x) <= 'F'))
int htoi(char *s) {
int value;
char c;
c = s[0];
if(isupper(c)) c = tolower(c);
value=(c >= '0' && c <= '9' ? c - '0' : c - 'a' + 10) * 16;
c = s[1];
if(isupper(c)) c = tolower(c);
value += c >= '0' && c <= '9' ? c - '0' : c - 'a' + 10;
return(value);
}
void main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char *params, *data, *dest, *s, *tmp;
char *name, *age;
puts("Content-type: text/html\r\n");
puts("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Form Example</TITLE></HEAD>");
puts("<BODY><H1>My Example Form</H1>");
puts("<FORM action=\"form.cgi\" method=\"GET\">");
puts("Name: <INPUT type=\"text\" name=\"name\">");
puts("Age: <INPUT type=\"text\" name=\"age\">");
puts("<BR><INPUT type=\"submit\">");
puts("</FORM>");
data = getenv("QUERY_STRING");
if(data && *data) {
params = data; dest = data;
while(*data) {
if(*data=='+') *dest=' ';
else if(*data == '%' && ishex(*(data+1))&&ishex(*(data+2))) {
*dest = (char) htoi(data + 1);
data+=2;
} else *dest = *data;
data++;
dest++;
}
*dest = '\0';
s = strtok(params,"&");
do {
tmp = strchr(s,'=');
if(tmp) {
*tmp = '\0';
if(!strcmp(s,"name")) name = tmp+1;
else if(!strcmp(s,"age")) age = tmp+1;
}
} while(s=strtok(NULL,"&"));
printf("Hi %s, you are %s years old\n",name,age);
}
puts("</BODY></HTML>");
}1993
use CGI qw(:standard);
print header;
print start_html('Form Example'),
h1('My Example Form'),
start_form,
"Name: ", textfield('name'),
p,
"Age: ", textfield('age'),
p,
submit,
end_form;
if(param()) {
print "Hi ",em(param('name')),
"You are ",em(param('age')),
" years old";
}
print end_html;1994-1995
<html><head><title>Form Example</title></head>
<body><h1>My Example Form</h1>
<form action="form.phtml" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
Age: <input type="text" name="age">
<br><input type="submit">
</form>
<?if($name):?>
Hi <?echo $name?>, you are <?echo $age?> years old
<?endif?>
</body></html>C API for the Web
void Cos(void) {
Stack *s;
char temp[64];
s = Pop();
if(!s) {
Error("Stack error in cos");
return;
}
sprintf(temp,"%f",cos(s->douval));
Push(temp,DNUMBER);
}And you could then use it like this:
<html><head><title>Cos Example</title></head>
<body><h1>Cos Example</h1>
<?echo Cos($input)>
</body></html>Focus on the Ecosystem
- LAMP wasn't an accident
- Robustness, Performance and Security
- ♥ shared hosting ISPs
Scale
- Scaling up is expected
- Scaling down is surprisingly hard
- Doing both is rocket science
Performance
- mod_php
- shared-nothing perfect sandbox model
Robustness
- SQL LIMIT clause
- Promote Prefork shared-nothing model
Security
- max_execution_time
- memory_limit
- safe mode
What was he thinking?
- Case insensitive function names?
- Naming inconsistencies?
- What's with the $ signs?
- Globals?
- register_globals?
- magic_quotes?
OMGWTFBBQ?
array_search($needle, $haystack);
strstr($haystack, $needle);
in_array($needle, $haystack);
substr_count($haystack, $needle);
array_key_exists($needle, $haystack);
strchr($haystack, $needle);Version Support
| Active Support | Regular releases and security fixes |
| Security Fixes | Only security fixes |
| End of Life | No longer supported |
PHP 7.4
Typed Properties
class User {
public int $id;
public string $name;
public function __construct(int $id, string $name) {
$this->id = $id;
$this->name = $name;
}
}Arrow Functions
$cb = function ($x) use ($y) {
return $x + $y;
};
$cb = fn($x) => $x + $y;__serialize/__unserialize
class Test {
public $prop;
public function __serialize() {
return ['prop' => $this->prop];
}
public function __unserialize(array $data) {
$this->prop = $data['prop'];
}
}Null Coalescing Assignment Operator
$this->config['value'] = $this->config['value'] ?? 'default_value';
$this->config['value'] ??= 'default_value';Weak References
$std = new stdClass;
$wr = WeakReference::create($std);Opcache Preloading
- Loads userspace code at server startup as if it was part of core PHP
- Trades some flexibility for performance
- Inspired by the “Class Data Sharing” feature in Java's Hotspot VM
Without Opcache Preloading
class A {
function __construct() {
echo "A";
}
}spl_autoload_register('__load');
function __load($c) {
echo "Autoloader called for $c\n";
require "/home/rasmus/".strtolower($c).".php";
}
new A;$ php script.php
Autoloader called for A
AWith Opcache Preloading
function preload($filename) {
if (!opcache_compile_file($filename)) {
trigger_error("Preloading Failed", E_USER_ERROR);
}
}
preload("/home/rasmus/a.php");$ php -d opcache.preload=preload.php script.php
AFFI - Foreign Function Interface
// create FFI object, loading libc and exporting function printf()
$ffi = FFI::cdef(
"int printf(const char *format, ...);",
"libc.so.6");
// call C printf()
$ffi->printf("Hello %s!\n", "world");<?php
$ffi = FFI::load("php_gifenc.h");
$w = 240; $h = 180;
$cols = $ffi->new("uint8_t[12]");
/* 4 colours: 000000, FF0000, 00FF00, 0000FF */
$cols[3] = 0xFF; $cols[7] = 0xFF; $cols[11] = 0xFF;
$gif = $ffi->ge_new_gif("test.gif", $w, $h, $cols, 2, 0);
for($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
for ($j = 0; $j < $w*$h; $j++) {
$gif->frame[$j] = ($i*6 + $j) / 12 % 8;
}
echo "Add frame $i\n";
$ffi->ge_add_frame($gif, 5);
}
$ffi->ge_close_gif($gif);#define FFI_SCOPE "gifenc"
#define FFI_LIB "libgifenc.so"
typedef struct ge_GIF {
uint16_t w, h;
int depth;
int fd;
int offset;
int nframes;
uint8_t *frame, *back;
uint32_t partial;
uint8_t buffer[0xFF];
} ge_GIF;
ge_GIF *ge_new_gif(
const char *fname, uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
uint8_t *palette, int depth, int loop
);
void ge_add_frame(ge_GIF *gif, uint16_t delay);
void ge_close_gif(ge_GIF* gif);
phpspy
Low-overhead sampling profiler
Sample frequency in nanoseconds (or Hz)
$ phpspy -s 200000000 -- php -r 'sleep(1);'
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
0 sleep <internal>:-1
1 <main> <internal>:-1
process_vm_readv: No such processAttach to a running process
$ sudo phpspy -r -p $(pgrep -n php-fpm)
0 wp_installing /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/load.php:944
1 wp_load_alloptions /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/option.php:189
2 get_option /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/option.php:90
3 create_initial_taxonomies /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/taxonomy.php:43
4 WP_Hook::apply_filters /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php:286
5 WP_Hook::do_action /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php:310
6 do_action /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/plugin.php:453
7 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-settings.php:450
8 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php:89
9 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-load.php:37
10 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-blog-header.php:13
11 <main> /var/www/wordpress/index.php:17
# 1537119612.459615 /index.php p=1 /var/www/wordpress/index.php -
0 mysqli_query <internal>:-1
1 wpdb::_do_query /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php:1924
2 wpdb::query /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php:1813
3 wpdb::get_results /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php:2488
4 _prime_comment_caches /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/comment.php:2871
5 WP_Comment_Query::get_comments /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-comment-query.php:427
6 WP_Comment_Query::query /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-comment-query.php:346
7 get_comments /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/comment.php:226
8 WP_Widget_Recent_Comments::widget /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/widgets/class-wp-widget-recent-comments.php:99
9 WP_Widget::display_callback /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/class-wp-widget.php:372
10 dynamic_sidebar /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/widgets.php:743
11 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen/sidebar.php:41
12 load_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:688
13 locate_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:647
14 get_sidebar /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/general-template.php:110
15 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen/header.php:49
16 load_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:688
17 locate_template /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php:647
18 get_header /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/general-template.php:41
19 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen/single.php:10
20 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/template-loader.php:74
21 <main> /var/www/wordpress/wp-blog-header.php:19
22 <main> /var/www/wordpress/index.php:17
# 1537119612.459615 /index.php p=1 /var/www/wordpress/index.php -Memory usage on stack frames
$ sudo phpspy -m php src/phan.php
0 Phan\Analysis::parseNodeInContext /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Analysis.php:176
1 Phan\Analysis::parseNodeInContext /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Analysis.php:176
2 Phan\Analysis::parseNodeInContext /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Analysis.php:176
3 Phan\Analysis::parseNodeInContext /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Analysis.php:176
4 Phan\Analysis::parseFile /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Analysis.php:63
5 Phan\Phan::analyzeFileList /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Phan.php:94
6 <main> /home/rasmus/phan/src/phan.php:1
# mem 119159776 123721960
0 ast\parse_code <internal>:-1
1 Phan\AST\Parser::parseCode /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/AST/Parser.php:42
2 Phan\Analysis::parseFile /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Analysis.php:63
3 Phan\Phan::analyzeFileList /home/rasmus/phan/src/Phan/Phan.php:94
4 <main> /home/rasmus/phan/src/phan.php:1
# mem 82471616 123721960perf/callgrind output support soon, hopefully
Top-like output mode
Generate a flame graph
$ phpspy phan > /tmp/output
$ cat /tmp/output | stackcollapse-phpspy.pl | flamegraph.pl > flame.svgStatic Analysis
Install with composer
$ composer require --dev phan/phanCreate .phan/config.php
return [
'target_php_version' => '7.2',
'directory_list' => [ 'src/' ],
"exclude_analysis_directory_list" => [ 'vendor/' ],
];$ ./vendor/bin/phanPhan in Browser
Dependency Graph Plugin
Daemon mode
$ phan --daemonize-tcp-port default &
[1] 28610
Listening for Phan analysis requests at tcp://127.0.0.1:4846
Awaiting analysis requests for directory '/home/rasmus/phan_demo'
$ vi src/script.php$ phan_client -l src/script.php
Phan error: TypeError: PhanTypeMismatchArgument: Argument 1 (union) is array{0:1} but \C::fn() takes int|string defined at src/script.php:8 in src/script.php on line 14
Phan error: TypeError: PhanTypeMismatchArgument: Argument 3 (shaped) is array{max:10} but \C::fn() takes array{mode:string,max:int} defined at src/script.php:8 in src/script.php on line 16vim integration
Work on things that matter (to you)
Thank You
Report Bugs
Useful bug reports, please!
25 Years of PHP
Barcelona
Nov.12, 2019
http://talks.php.net/phpbcn19
Rasmus Lerdorf
@rasmus