*Bioinformatics* studies the information content and data flow in a biological system or process. It provides the link between the observations (_data_), the understanding of how a system works (_information_), and the subsequent application of these principles (_knowledge_). *1D,2D*: Gene identification in Genome, sequence analysis (similarity, evolutionary distances, etc.), expression dynamics, etc. *3D*: Structure similarities, dynamic changes, protein folding, structure-function relationships, etc. *nD*: Protein ensembles in a cell, interaction networks, expression pathways, etc.